UPDATE:
I partially fixed the problem after some trial and error. The first issue was the UFW setup on the pihole, port 53 was not enabled, after enabling port 53 I had internet access on ethernet connected Linux desktop, but not via Wi-Fi for Windows or mobile devices. I am also still seeing ads when testing on a private firefox browser on youtube. I have the pihole set as the sole DNS server now, but I am unable to upload the debug log with the following error: Could not resolve host: tricorder.pi-hole.net Is there a way for me to provide the local log securely?
Edit: Changed the nameserver settings to use cloudflare (1.1.1.1) in resolv.conf and could run pihole -d with a successful upload: https://tricorder.pi-hole.net/8SkOlvYG/
Edit 2: Fixed the issue by using my spare router with some config, now I am having trouble with getting the devices on my network to actually use the pihole only for DNS queries. I have configured DHCP on the pihole and disabled it on the router with no luck. nslookup on Linux/windows ethernet/WiFi all show device specific DNS and not the pihole. New -d: https://tricorder.pi-hole.net/0fGdjnO0/